Correlating nursing visits and HIV viral suppression among high-acuity patients experiencing homelessness in San Francisco

Wednesday, June 1, 2016
Pavilion Ballroom (Hilton Portland)
Janell Tryon, MPH (Evaluator, API Wellness)
Joan Brosnan, RN (Nursing Coordinator for HIV Services, Tom Waddell Urban Health Center)
Deborah Borne, MD, MSW (Acting Medical Director Transitions Division, San Francisco Department of Public Health)
BACKGROUND: An estimated 10.5 percent of the population experiencing homelessness in San Francisco is HIV positive. Among the high utilizers of the healthcare system, HIV prevalence is upwards of 16 percent. Homelessness and mental health conditions are important predictors of poor viral suppression. In 2013, as part of a multi-site HRSA SPNS project, San Francisco started the Homeless Health through Outreach and Mobile Engagement (HHOME) project. The integrated team engages the most severely impacted homeless San Francisco residents living with HIV to provide intensive multi-disciplinary case management and coordinated medical care. Eligible clients are either homeless or unstably housed, have co-occurring mental health and substance use issues, and previously were not engaged in HIV treatment. This analysis examines the correlation of mobile and office nursing visits, as a means of promoting HIV treatment adherence, with viral load. The hypothesis is that nursing visits correlate positively with viral suppression.

METHODS: The intervention involves a multidisciplinary acuity assessment of adherence barriers. The patient partners with a team consisting of a peer navigator, social worker, case manager, nurse, and medical doctor. Working with the patient and team, the nurse uses a stepwise clinical framework. Interventions range from daily medication dispensing on the street or in a drop in center, to weekly mobile and clinic based nursing visits, up to monthly medication dispensing. A nurse visits consists of HIV primary care, adherence counseling, and general medical care (i.e. wound care).

Nursing visits, medical visits, and viral load are tracked through the city's electronic medical record system. Case management, social work visits, and peer navigator encounters are tracked through the Ryan White Database/HRSA research portal. These data are currently being collected. The multi-site study enrollment ends February 2016, at which point the final data analysis will be conducted using a correlation coefficient. This analysis will also investigate if there is a differential impact on viral load based on mobile outreach vs. drop-in vs. clinic visits covariates. In a separate analysis, housing, viral load suppression, and treatment adherence will be correlated with overall visits from the team.

EVALUATION PLANS/DISCUSSION: Final analysis will include all data from the 3 year intervention. Preliminary findings to date show that viral load suppression is correlated to team nursing care. Interventions that address multiple barriers to care--unstable housing, serious mental health issues, and substance use--enhance health outcomes, improve engagement, and retain clients in HIV care.